The Etruscans also traded with the Greeks, Egyptians, and Phoenicians, due to their locations around the Mediterranean. The civilization’s location was mostly around the Italian peninsula in Tuscany, Lazio, and Umbria. Not much is left from the Etruscan civilization, but what is known is that this culture initially started in prominent cities like Florence and Pisa in Tuscany. Model of what ancient Rome looked like Woeterman 94, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons Although there is so much more to the origins of Rome, below, we will take a brief look at the timeline of its development into a Caput Mundi, so to say. Most Roman artwork is derived from the preceding Greek and Etruscan civilizations. When we think of Rome, we think of the Colosseum, grand architectural establishments, marble sculptures, including famous ancient Roman poets like Virgil or Ovid. Some are more common than others, for example, the two brothers disagreed about the location of the city along the River Tiber, which led to Romulus killing Remus. However, historical myths indicate that Romulus murdered his brother and set out to build Rome himself. There are different reasons as to why he killed his brother. They were found and nursed by a female wolf and eventually found by Faustulus, a shepherd from the area, who gave them a home. When the twin brothers were adults, they learned about their history and murdered Amulius, re-enthroned Numitor, and set out to build a new city along the River Tiber. It was believed that the two brothers were orphaned and left for dead by the Tiber River by Amulius, their uncle and King of Alba Longa, who also took over the throne from his brother, Numitor. The founding of Rome and its name is a widely debated topic, however, one of the more popular origin stories or founding myths is of Romulus and Remus mentioned above (who are also believed to descend from Aeneas). Rome is described by the god Jupiter as “ imperium sine fine”, which translates to “empire without end”. It was not only one poet who bolstered the city’s splendor, but others like Virgil, a now eternalized Roman poet, who wrote about Rome’s inception in his Aeneid (29 BC-19 BC), an epic poem about the Trojan hero Aeneas and the founding of Rome.
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The Brothers, Disputing Over the Founding of Rome, Consult the Augurs, pl.7 from the series The Story of Romulus and Remus (1575) by Giovanni Battista Fontana Giovanni Battista Fontana, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons We will find this appellation in Tibullus’s Elegies (2.5, 23-24), referencing the myth of how Rome was found by two twin brothers, Romulus and Remus: “ Romulus aeternae nondum formaverat urbis moenia, consorti non habitanda Remo.” (This is translated from Latin to “Romulus had not yet built the walls of the eternal city where his brother Remus was not to live in partnership”). The sentiment behind this endearing term came from the steadfast belief in Rome as a city, and her capability to endure and survive any war or hardship. It was the Roman poet Tibullus who described Rome as “The Eternal City” ( Urbs Aeterna) during the 1 st Century BC. The Eternal City: A Brief Look at Roman History 4.4 What Was the Difference Between Greek and Roman Art?.4.3 What Are the Four Styles of Roman Painting?.4.2 What Are the Characteristics of Roman Art?.1.3 The Roman Republic (509 BC – 27 BC).1.2 The Roman Kingdom (753 BC – 509 BC).1 The Eternal City: A Brief Look at Roman History.
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